Current Status
Last Updated: May 15, 2025
The unregulated inflow volume to Lake Powell during April was 583 thousand acre-feet (kaf) (65 percent of average). The release volume from Glen Canyon Dam in April was 598 kaf. The end of April elevation and storage of Lake Powell were 3,557.90 feet (142 feet from full pool) and 7.64 million acre-feet (maf) (33 percent of live capacity), respectively.
To view the most current reservoir elevation projections, click on: Lake Powell Elevation Projections.
To view the most current monthly release projections, click on: Lake Powell Release Projections.
To view the 2025 progession of snowpack above Lake Powell, click on Lake Powell Snow Chart.
To view the current inflow forecast relative to past inflows, click on Lake Powell Inflow Forecast.
Current Operations
The operation of Lake Powell and Lake Mead in the May 2025 24-Month Study is pursuant to the December 2007 Record of Decision on Colorado River Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages and the Coordinated Operations of Lake Powell and Lake Mead (Interim Guidelines), the Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Near-term Colorado River Operations Record of Decision (2024 Interim Guidelines SEIS ROD), and reflects the draft 2025 Annual Operating Plan (AOP).
The August 2024 24-Month study projects the January 1, 2025, Lake Powell elevation to be less than 3,575 feet and at or above 3,525 feet and the Lake Mead elevation to be at or above 1,025 feet. Consistent with Section 6.C.1 of the Interim Guidelines, as amended by the 2024 Interim Guidelines SEIS ROD), the operational tier for Lake Powell in water year 2025 is the Mid-Elevation Release Tier and the water year release volume from Lake Powell is 7.48 maf.
On May 9, 2024, Reclamation published the 2024 Interim Guidelines SEIS ROD, which included modifications to Sections 2, 6, and 7 of the 2007 Interim Guidelines. The current 24-Month Study reflects these modifications in modeled operations.
On July 3, 2024, Reclamation signed the Glen Canyon Dam Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Record of Decision (2024 LTEMP SEIS ROD). The 2024 LTEMP SEIS ROD analyzed flow options to disrupt smallmouth bass and other warm water invasive non-native fish from establishing below Glen Canyon Dam by interrupting spawning and species expansion.
The anticipated monthly release volume for May is 598,000 acre-feet and anticipated hourly releases during May 2025 will fluctuate from a low of approximately 8,000 cfs to a high of approximately 13,382 cfs. The June volume is anticipated to be 676 kaf and the hourly pattern will be confirmed with a subsequent directive toward the end of May.
In addition to daily scheduled fluctuations for power generation, the instantaneous releases from Glen Canyon Dam may also fluctuate to provide 40 megawatts (MW) of system regulation. These instantaneous release adjustments stabilize the electrical generation and transmission system and translate to a range of about 1,300 cfs above or below the hourly scheduled release rate. Under normal system conditions, fluctuations for regulation are typically short lived and generally balance out over the hour with minimal or no noticeable impacts on downstream river flow conditions.
Releases from Glen Canyon Dam can also fluctuate beyond scheduled releases when called upon to respond to unscheduled power outages or power system emergencies. Depending on the severity of the system emergency, the response from Glen Canyon Dam can be significant, within the full range of the operating capacity of the power plant for as long as is necessary to maintain balance in the transmission system. Glen Canyon Dam currently maintains 30 MW (approximately 1,300 cfs) of generation capacity in reserve in order to respond to a system emergency even when generation rates are already high. System emergencies occur infrequently and typically require small responses from Glen Canyon Dam. However, these responses can have a noticeable impact on the river downstream of Glen Canyon Dam.
Inflow Forecasts and Model Projections
The forecast for water year 2025 unregulated inflow to Lake Powell, issued on May 5, 2025, by the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center, projects that the most probable (median) unregulated inflow volume in water year 2025 will be 5.91 maf (62 percent of average).
In addition to the May 2025 24-Month Study based on the Most Probable inflow scenario, Reclamation has conducted runs to determine a possible range of reservoir elevations. The May 2025 24-Month Study most and minimum probable scenarios, along with the April 2025 maximum probable scenario, were used to determine the range of probable outcomes. The probable minimum and probable maximum model runs are conducted simultaneously in January, April, August, and October, or when necessary to incorporate changing conditions. The probable minimum inflow scenario reflects a dry hydrologic condition which statistically would be exceeded 90 percent of the time. The most probable inflow scenario reflects a median hydrologic condition which statistically would be exceeded 50 percent of the time. The probable maximum inflow scenario reflects a wet hydrologic condition which statistically would be exceeded 10 percent of the time. There is approximately an 80 percent probability that a future elevation will fall inside the range of the minimum and maximum inflow scenarios. Additionally, there are possible inflow scenarios that would result in reservoir elevations falling outside the ranges indicated in these reports.
The April and May forecasts for water year 2025 ranges from a minimum probable of 5.05 maf (53 percent of average) to a maximum probable of 9.36 maf (97 percent of average) with the most probable forecast for water year 2025 of 5.91 maf (62 percent of average). There is a 10 percent chance that inflows could be higher than the current maximum probable forecast and a 10 percent chance that inflows could be lower than the minimum probable forecast.
Based on the current forecast for water year 2025 of 5.91 maf unregulated inflow for water year 2025, the May 24-Month Study projects Lake Powell elevation will end water year 2025 near 3556.46 feet with approximately 7.54 maf in storage (32 percent of capacity). Projections of end of water year 2025 elevation using the May minimum and April maximum inflow forecast results from the 24-Month Study model run are 3,549.53 feet and 3,591.01 feet, respectively. The annual release volume from Lake Powell during water year 2025 is 7.48 maf under the Mid-Elevation Release Tier as determined under Section 6.C.1 of the Interim Guidelines as determined by the Department of the Interior as described above.
Upper Colorado River Basin Hydrology
Upper Colorado River Basin regularly experiences significant year to year hydrologic variability. The 30-year average was updated in October 2022 from 1981 through 2010 to 1991 through 2020. Shifting the period of record decreased the average unregulated inflow 1.20 maf. The period 2000-2022 is the lowest 23-year period since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, with an average unregulated inflow of 8.29 maf, or 93 percent of the 30-year average (1991-2020). (For comparison, the 1991-2020 total water year average is 9.60 maf.) The unregulated inflow during the 2000-2022 period has ranged from a low of 2.64 maf (28 percent of average) in water year 2002 to a high of 15.97 maf (166 percent of average) in water year 2011. In water year 2021 unregulated inflow volume to Lake Powell was 3.50 maf (36 percent of average), the second driest year on record above 2002. Under the current most probable forecast, the total water year 2025 unregulated inflow to Lake Powell is projected to be 5.91 maf (62 percent of average).
At the beginning of water year 2024, total system storage in the Colorado River Basin was 25.27 maf (43 percent of 58.48 maf total system capacity). This is an increase of 5.72 maf over the total storage at the beginning of water year 2023 when total system storage was 19.55 maf (33 percent of capacity). Since the beginning of water year 2000, total Colorado Basin storage has experienced year to year increases and decreases in response to wet and dry hydrology, ranging from a high of 94 percent of capacity at the beginning of 2000 to the beginning of water year 2023 with 19.55 maf (33 percent of capacity).