Results: Conference
participants identified themselves as one of four
categories: manager, technical,
outside reviewer, or stakeholder.
The
charts below each need show how each participant category ranked
that
need (low, intermediate, high). The charts are only shown if rankings were
make. (i.e., if no participants ranked "low", then the "low" bar chart
will not be shown).
| Need/Need
Group |
Topical
Area |
Need
Statement |
|
Group Name: F01 - Ecology and Life History of Anadromous Salmonids -
This group of needs pertains to the ecology of salmonid species, their life history type and the timing of life history events may be influenced by management actions, including water management, hatchery management and land use. Understanding the life history diversity of Klamath River Basin salmonids will help guide management decisions and restoration planning to preserve diversity.
|
| 352 |
Anadromous |
Click here
to view need 352-
Develop a better understanding of the life history requirements (e.g., habitat) and periodicity of use for salmonids in tributatries and the Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 352
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 353
-Collect better information on the population status of anadromous salmonids including estimates of adult abundance, population growth rate, distribution, and genetic diversity.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 352
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 354
-Develop a better understanding of coho life history both in tributaries and use of the Klamath River and determine if coho would benefit from improved instream flow during low flow periods.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 352
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 355
-Develop a better understanding of survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids once they enter the mainstem Klamath River and migrate to the estuary.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 352
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 356
-Develop a better understanding of the growth and movement of YOY Chinook salmon in the upper Trinity River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 352
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 357
-Develop a "library" of otoliths from each species and run of anadromous salmonids from various sub-basins in the Klamath Basin to help identify and track wild stocks.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 352
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 358
-Develop a better understanding of the role and function of the Klamath River estuary for all species that utilize this area.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 352
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 359
-Determine the magnitude of predation by residualized and migrant steelhead smolts on wild salmon fry in the Klamath and Trinity rivers.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F02 - Hatchery Considerations -
This group of needs pertains to the operation of hatcheries and apparent conflicts their operation may pose with both water quality and fish recovery goals in the Klamath Basin. Meeting recovery goals will require a better understanding of interactions between hatchery and wild fish, as well as the influence of hatcheries on genetic composition of fish stocks and the demographic patterns of these stocks.
|
| 360 |
Other Native |
Click here
to view need 360-
Initiate an independent and comprehensive scientific review of hatchery operations in the Klamath Basin to determine if changes are needed to improve the current system. Such a review may include (but not necessarily be limited to) information on hatchery and wild stock interactions, disease issues, adult return rates, release strategies, total marking or constant fractional marking, and whether or not it would be feasible to adopt an adaptive management approach to hatchery operations.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 360
|
Other Native |
Click
here to view need 361
-Determine the role (if any) that Iron Gate hatchery has on fish pathogens, particularly those that affect juvenile salmonids.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 360
|
Other Native |
Click
here to view need 362
-Determine the effects of competition/interaction between hatchery and wild stocks for both juvenile and adult salmonids.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F03 - Ecology and Life History of Other Anadromous Fishes -
This group of needs pertains to the ecology of anadromous species other than salmonids. Specific comments address green sturgeon and Pacific lamprey, but could also include eulachon and other species of lamprey. Understanding the basic ecology, habitat requirements, and temporal and spatial distribution of these species is information needed to insure their survival.
|
| 363 |
Anadromous |
Click here
to view need 363-
Conduct studies to determine the fresh water physical habitat requirements for various life stages of green sturgeon including spawning habitat, larvae and juvenile rearing, and adults in the Lower Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 363
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 364
-Estimate the seasonal abundance of adult green sturgeon in the Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 363
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 365
-Obtain a better understanding the migratory behavior of adult green sturgeon including ocean use, use of coastal estuaries, and frequency of return to the Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 363
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 366
-Develop and carry out systematic monitoring of non-salmonid species such as green sturgeon and Pacific lamprey.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 363
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 367
-Determine the distribution and habitat requirements of Pacific lamprey in the Klamath River and tributaries.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F04 - Effect of Water Quality and Flow on Fishes in The Klamath River and Selected Tributaries -
This group of needs pertains to the influence of water quality and quantity on fish. Comments stress the need for information on water quality and volume in interpreting behavioral, growth and survival responses of fish, interactions of fish and disease organisms and responses of other biological communities. They also address the need for continuous monitoring at multiple Klamath River and tributary stations to provide data at temporal and spatial scales needed to be useful.
|
| 368 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 368-
Determine the effects of poor water quality and flow management on the migratory behavior of adult salmon and steelhead.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 368
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 369
-Determine the effects of flow management of the growth and survival of juvenile salmonids in the Trinity River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 368
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 370
-Determine the effect of dams and altered flow management on exotic fish distribution and abundance.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 368
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 371
-Develop a better understanding of the relationship between production of anadromous salmonids and flow, habitat, and environmental conditions for the Klamath River and selected tributaries.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 368
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 372
-Develop a better understanding of the relationship between flow, habitat, water temperature and disease in fish populations in the Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F05 - Process and Management of Natural Resources -
This group of needs relates to the process of resource management and science within the Klamath River Basin. They highlight needs for coordination in resource management and for developing a process for delivering scientific information that has been subjected to peer review.
|
| 373 |
Other |
Click here
to view need 373-
Develop better coordination between USBR funded operations in the Trinity River Basin, particularly the integration of restoration activities and hatchery operations.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 373
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 374
-Develop better coordination of flow management in the Klamath and Trinity rivers to benefit the growth and survival of juvenile salmonids.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 373
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 375
-Develop a process whereby scientific information and scientific needs are better disseminated to managers and the general public.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 373
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 376
-Develop a process that encourages peer review and scientific exchange among researchers.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 373
|
Other Native |
Click
here to view need 377
-Need to determine the value of electricity from the Klamath Hydroelectric Project, particularly for the FERC relicensing process and environmental review.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 373
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 378
-Determine public sentiment towards potential management actions such as the culling of all hatchery steelhead at the Trinity River hatchery.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F06 - Fish Health -
This group of needs pertains to fish health, particularly disease in fish. They emphasize the importance of pathogens in affecting survival of migrating salmon smolts and returning adults. They also emphasize the need to better understand the response of disease organisms to environmental factors such as water quality and water quantity.
|
| 379 |
Anadromous |
Click here
to view need 379-
Determine the ecology and ecological requirements of the polychaete host for C. Shasta and identify alternative hosts for C. Shasta
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 379
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 380
-Determine if high mortality in Chinook salmon results from lower resistance to disease, increased exposure or other factors.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 379
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 381
-Determine relationships among water flow, water temperature, water quality, pathogen hosts and diseases.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 379
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 382
-Identify any relationship between fish density and diseases.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F07 - Fish Physiology -
This group of needs pertains to the physiological response of fishes to conditions in their environment. Of particular interest is how all life stages of salmonids respond to water quality conditions, particularly temperature and dissolved oxygen. Also included is the use of bioenergetic models to evaluate growth and survival under various conditions and to identify energetic bottlenecks facing migrating salmonids.
|
| 383 |
Anadromous |
Click here
to view need 383-
Determine the temperature tolerance of Klamath River salmonids at different life history stages.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 383
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 384
-Develop bioenergetic models specific to Klamath River salmonids species that can be used to evaluate growth and survival under different conditions.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F08 - Fish Population Status -
This group of needs summarizes research needs that address quantitative assessment of anadromous salmonid populations (both juvenile and adult) in the Klamath Basin. Obtaining information on population trends would help guide future research as well as help managers with policy decisions.
|
| 385 |
Anadromous |
Click here
to view need 385-
Provide current (near real-time) counts or estimates of anadromous species entering the river and their distribution.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 385
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 386
-Improve the methodology for forecasting preseason adult fall Chinook salmon abundance.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 385
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 387
-Continue basin-wide monitoring of adult fall Chinook salmon and expand this program to include other species such as coho salmon.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 385
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 388
-Develop a quantitative monitoring program for salmon smolts and pre-smolts.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 385
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 389
-Improve monitoring methods so that a measure of variation, such as a CV, can be calculated.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F09 - Effects of Habitat Alteration/Restoration on Fish -
This group of needs describes research needs that focus on understanding how habitat alterations or restoration projects affect fish populations. This type of information is important because it can aid enhancement and recovery actions as well as identify the amount of suitable habitat currently available.
|
| 390 |
Anadromous |
Click here
to view need 390-
Develop a Klamath Watershed restoration plan that evaluates current and potential habitat in each sub-watershed, but focuses on managing the basin holistically.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 390
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 391
-Develop a prioritization plan for habitat and fisheries restoration that considers how cost-effective actions are.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 390
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 392
-Determine how altered river flow influences biological communities, such as riparian vegetation and juvenile salmonids.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 390
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 393
-Develop a strategy for reintroducing anadromous fish species above Iron Gate Dam.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 390
|
Anadromous |
Click
here to view need 394
-Determine if suction dredging activities affects fish species in the Klamath River and its tributaries.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F10 - Data Management -
Scientific information related to the Klamath Basin is scattered among many agencies, tribes, and NGOs. This category describes the development of information and data management systems that are accessible to all.
|
| 395 |
Other |
Click here
to view need 395-
Develop a single internet based information and data management system that can be accessed by managers, researchers and stakeholders. Also identify long-term financial support for this information system.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 395
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 396
-Develop a comprehensive GIS database that can be used in restoration, monitoring and research.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 395
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 397
-Complete a search of the literature relevant to fish species recovery to assist managers in decision making.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F11 - Other Biological Communities -
This group of needs focuses on determining how anthropogenic changes have affected biological communities (e.g., invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals) in the Klamath Basin. For example, aquatic invertebrates have been demonstrated to serve well as surrogates for fundamental ecosystem attributes that are difficult and expensive to measure directly. Further, understanding community dynamics has the benefit of integrating effects over time that would not be captured by point sampling.
|
| 398 |
Other |
Click here
to view need 398-
Develop a functional aquatic invertebrate database that is designed to detect Klamath River ecosystem responses to changes in land use.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 398
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 399
-Develop information about the diverse array of species in the Klamath Basin. For example: include studies of aquatic invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, and different life stages of these animals.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 398
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 400
-Determine relationships between nutrient concentrations in the Klamath River, benthic algae and other primary producers. Determine if primary producers influence water quality in the river.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F12 - Water Quality -
This group of needs describes research needs related to describing and predicting water quality conditions in the Klamath Basin. In particular, the need for a comprehensive water quality monitoring program, information on nutrient loading, and the development of a dynamic water quality model.
|
| 401 |
Water Quality |
Click here
to view need 401-
Determine the nutrient loading and organic matter exported from Upper Klamath Lake, the Klamath Straights Drain, and other major tributaries and understand the effects on water quality and production (e.g., primary production) in the Lower Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 401
|
Water Quality |
Click
here to view need 402
-Initiate a comprehensive water-quality monitoring program for the Lower Klamath River that would include (but not necessarily be limited to) temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and nutrient sampling.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 401
|
Water Quality |
Click
here to view need 403
-Estimate historical conditions and hydrology (e.g., stream flow conditions) within the Klamath Basin including The Upper Klamath Basin (i.e., above Iron Gate Dam) and important tributaries in the Lower Basin (e.g., the Shasta, Scott and Trinity rivers). Such a model would also examine the role of wetlands in maintaining base flows and storage.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 401
|
Water Quality |
Click
here to view need 404
-Development of a dynamic water quality model that is capable of predicting conditions throughout the Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: F13 - Physical Hydrology/Quantification of Physical Habitat -
This group of needs describes research needs pertaining to the quantification of physical habitat for fishes and physical hydrology of the Basin. Such topics include the development of a water budget model to examine various water management options, developing a better understanding of groundwater and surface water interactions, sediment dynamics in rivers, and estimation of pre-development flows in the Klamath Basin. Information on these topics would aid managers to examine the effects of various water management options as well as enhance our understanding of the system.
|
| 405 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 405-
Develop a single water budget model for the Klamath Basin that is capable of tracking flow at small time steps (e.g., 1 hour). Such a model should be designed to be of use for modeling current as well as historic conditions and be capable of interfacing with water quality models.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 406
-Determine real-time daily stream flow and temperature data for the West-side Scott River tributaries and the mainstem Scott River to assist with water conservation efforts and instream flow management.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 407
-Develop Basin-wide statigraphy maps with cross sections and explanations are needed to enhance our understanding of groundwater resources and address complex groundwater issues.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 408
-Develop a better understanding of the groundwater resources and connectivity with surface water for the Shasta and Scott rivers.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 409
-Measure the volume and cross section of the Klamath River channel and its major tributaries to determine the effects of past land-use practices.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 410
-Determine the flows needed in the Klamath and Trinity rivers to allow for unimpaired passage of adult salmonids at key riffles and waterfalls or to provide cues for upriver migration.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 411
-Determine the influence of pumping groundwater at various locations within the Klamath Basin on river flows and habitat.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 412
-Develop a model(s) necessary flows to meet temperature standards and reduce the probability of fish die-offs.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 413
-Improve the models used to forecast water supplies in the Klamath Basin.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 405
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 414
-Finalization and/or development of physical habitat models that predict flow requirements for anadromous salmonids at various life history stages.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W01 - Data - Collection and Monitoring -
This group of needs describes the need for a comprehensive monitoring program to collect both flow and water quality data, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and nutrient loads that affect the Lower Klamath main stem. This data will help to develop a better understanding of the relationships among flow, storage, land use, and water quality
|
| 452 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 432-
Flow data is needed for Klamath River tributaries to help define improve water conservation and flow management efforts.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 452
|
Water Quality |
Click
here to view need 452
-Water quality data, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, nutrient loads, and organic matter should be collected in the Klamath River and its associated tributaries and storage facilities.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 452
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 453
-Develop a data set of GIS land cover layers.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W02 - Land Use -
This group describes the need to relate land use to hydrology and water quality impacts. Evaluations of irrigation techniques, agricultural use patterns, and the condition of upland and riparian vegetation will help to identify issues related to the quantity and quality of return flow and runoff.
|
| 454 |
Water Quality |
Click here
to view need 454-
Assess the impact of land use practices on a variety of water quality parameters
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 454
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 455
-Evaluate the potential impacts that different irrigation practices might have on water use and return flows.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 454
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 456
-Study the relationship of vegitation (upland and riparian) to altered flow regime.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W03 - Water Quality Processes -
This group describes the need for better understanding of the physical and biological processes that affect water quality, especially the role of nutrients and temperature on production and aquatic life cycle issues.
|
| 458 |
Water Quality |
Click here
to view need 457-
Improve understanding of the relationships between water quality and aquatic communities.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 458
|
Water Quality |
Click
here to view need 458
-Improve understanding of the interaction between water quality and disease pathogens.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 458
|
Water Quality |
Click
here to view need 459
-Improve understanding of the role of nutrient loading and develop managmement solutions.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W04 - Flow Studies -
This group describes the need for results of flow studies currently underway to determine natural hydrology and instream flow recommendations will provide a foundation for better understanding of river system processes. This information is eagerly awaited by a broad range of stakeholders.
|
| 460 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 460-
Need to define to the fullest extent possible the natural hydrology throughout the Klamath Basin.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 460
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 461
-Participation of and consensus amoung stakeholders is and important part of the natural hydrology development process.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 460
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 462
-Complete and finalize the Hardy Phase II Flow Study, which evaluates interim instream flow needs in the Klamath River.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W05 - Water Supply Forecasts -
|
| 463 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 463-
Improve the accuracy of Klamath Basin water supply forecasts to better determine quanity and timing.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W06 - River Administration -
|
| 464 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 464-
Water rights and license agreements for hydropower play a key role in basin operations - neet to anticipate and/or conclude the administative processes that determine their potential effects on the river.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W07 - GW/SW Interaction -
Groundwater pumping impacts lake elevations, river flows, and agricultural practices. Accurate and appropriate characterization of groundwater/surface water interactions will enhance the value of other basin analyses and inform better decisions.
|
| 465 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 465-
Characterize the status and nature of the groundwater aquifers that affect Upper Klamath Lake and identify the impact that pumping has on UKL inflow.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 465
|
Physical Hydrology |
Click
here to view need 466
-Characterize the status and nature of the groundwater aquifers that affect the Scott River and Shasta River tributaries and identify the impact that pumping has on tributary flows.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W08 - Flow/WQ Interaction -
|
| 492 |
Water Quality |
Click here
to view need 492-
A modeling effort should be undertaken on the lower Klamath River to determine and implement flows necessary to meet temperature standards (if possible) to prevent future epizootics and fish kills.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W09 - Flow/Habitat Relationship -
|
| 467 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 467-
A better understanding of the relationship between flow and habitat at critical locations in the Klamath River and it tributaries.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W10 - Modeling Tools -
This group describes a need for flexible models that help to analyze hydrologic and water quality implications of a range of operations in the Klamath Basin.
|
| 468 |
Physical Hydrology |
Click here
to view need 468-
Develop a flexible hydrologic operations simulation model that can incorporate diverse criteria, explore a wide range of "what if" scenarios, and predict impacts at an acceptable scale of time and space.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 468
|
Water Quality |
Click
here to view need 469
-Develop and refine physical process modeling capabilities that address water quality issues and fish habitat needs at appropriate scales of time and space.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
|
Group Name: W11 - Big Picture/Basin-Wide Issues -
This group relates to how Basin-wide coordination and communication efforts can increase awareness and understanding of the multiple scientific investigations and administrative efforts that are taking place.
|
| 470 |
Other |
Click here
to view need 470-
Better planning and coordination is needed to maintain a high level of communication among all key stakeholders in the basin.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 470
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 471
-Develop a master plan for studies that encompasses the entire basin, including triburaries.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 470
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 472
-Increase effort to disseminate information and share judgments and conclusions between the scientific and stakeholder communities.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
| 470
|
Other |
Click
here to view need 512
-Need to create a basin-wide science-driven ecosystem restoration effort among all stakeholders.
Participant
ranking of importance of need |
