Advanced Water Treatment Research -->Tech-specific research
Freezing
When water freezes, it excludes salt from the ice crystals. Along with distillation, freezing is the oldest form of desalination known to humans. Research expansions to freezing include:
- Incorporating sprayers to speed up the process
- Instrumentation to sort saline remains from fresh melted ice
- Freezing under pressure at higher temperatures with chemicals
Specific research has included clathrate research and freeze-thaw desalination.
DWPR Reports
| Report Title | Performing Agency | Date | Report # |
| Clathrate Desalination Plant, Preliminary Research Study | Thermal Energy Systems, Inc.; San Diego CA | Jun-95 | 5 |
| Evaluation of the Natural Freeze-Thaw Process for the Desalination of Groundwater from the Dakota Aquifer to Provide Water for Grand Forks, North Dakota | B.C. Technologies, Ltd.; Laramie WY and Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota; Grand Forks ND | Sep-99 | 23 |
| Build and Operate a Clathrate Desalination Pilot Plant | Thermal Energy Storage, Inc.; San Diego CA | May-98 | 31 |
| Investigation of High Freezing Temperature, Zero Ozone, and Zero Global Warming Potential Clathrate Formers for Desalination | Thermal Energy Storage, Inc.; San Diego, CA | Jun-00 | 59 |
| Demonstration of the Natural Freeze-Thaw Process for the Desalination of Water from the Devils Lake Chain to Provide Water for the City of Devils Lake | B.C. Technologies, Inc.; Laramie WY; University of North Dakota; Grand Forks ND | Aug-02 | 71 |