Advanced Water Treatment -->Grants and Funding --> Desalination and Water Purification Program
Desalination and Water Purification Research Program Cost Share and Location
Program Description || Solicitations || Published Reports || Results || Cost Share
Projects or studies have been run in more than half of the 50 states, as shown by the map and tables below.
Geographical Distribution of Agreements Awarded
One of the benefits of cost-sharing is that the applicant must really believe in, and champion, his or her own idea. DWPR requires at least 50 percent of the cost of a project. To allow students to receive training in water treatment concepts at the university level, Reclamation can waive the cost share requirement for research up to a total of $1 million per year with institutions of higher learning. Table 1. Cost Share, shows the funding from Reclamation and the cost share participants from fiscal year (FY) 1998 -2011. Table 2 lists the agreements by state.
Table 1. Total Cost Share Funding
FY |
Reclamation, |
Cost Share, $ million |
1998 |
2.39 |
3.09 |
1999 |
0.71 |
0.80 |
2001 |
0.96 |
1.24 |
2002 |
0.46 |
1.28 |
2003 |
1.55 |
2.68 |
2004 |
1.63 |
1.34 |
2005 |
1.42 |
4.31 |
2010 |
1.35 |
0.68 |
2011 |
1.47 |
1.30 |
Total |
11.94 |
16.72 |
Table 2. Reclamation External Desalination Research Agreements for DWPR and WTTP organized by state
| File Number | Report (Agreement) Title | Organization, City | State | Award | Cost Share |
| Agreement Number/ Fiscal Year | |||||
| 3 | Nanofiltration of a High Salinity Groundwater on the Hopi Reservation | Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff | AZ | ||
| 1425-3-CR-81-19450 / 1993 | |||||
| 35 | Halophyte Crops and a Sand-Bed Solar Concentrator to Reduce and Recycle Industrial, Desalination, and Agriculture Brines | University of Arizona,Tucson | AZ | $49,949 | |
| 1425-97-FC-81-30006H /1997 | |||||
| 52 | Innovative Atmospheric Pressure Desalination | Arizona State University,Tempe | AZ | $53,122 | $19,920 |
| 98-FC-81-0049 / 1998 | |||||
| 49 | Evaluation of Flow Fields in Wetlands Using Physical Models | Arizona State University,Tempe | AZ | $73,184 | $53,714 |
| 98-FC-81-0051 / 1998 | |||||
| 92 | Carrier Gas Enhanced Atmospheric Pressure Desalination | Arizona State University, Tempe | AZ | $50,000 | $38,676 |
| 99-FC-81-0186 / 1999 | |||||
| 120 | Dewvaporation Desalination 10,000 GPD Pilot-Plant | L'Eau, LLC, | AZ | $270,000 | $540,000 |
| 03-FC-81-0905 / ? | |||||
| 4 | Vari-RO “Low Energy” Desalinating for the San Diego Region | Science Applications International Corp., San Diego | CA | ||
| 1425-3-SP-81-19510 / 1993 | |||||
| 5 | Clathrate Desalination Plant, Preliminary Research Study | Thermal Energy Systems, Inc.,San Diego | CA | ||
| 1425-3-CR-81-19520 / 1993 | |||||
| 7 | Preliminary Study for the Construction of a Pilot Cogeneration Desalination Plant in Southern California | Super Systems, Inc., Irvine | CA | ||
| 1425-3-CR-81-18810 / 1993 | |||||
| 11 | Reduced Energy Consumption Evaporator for Use in Desalting Impaired Waters | Water Reuse Technology, Alamo | CA | ||
| 1425-3-CR-19560 / 1993 | |||||
| 10 | Zeta Potential of Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Implications for Membrane Performance and Feed Water Treatment | University of California at Los Angeles | CA | ||
| 1425-4-CR-81-19290 / 1994 | |||||
| 31 | Build and Operate a Clathrate Desalination Pilot Plant | Thermal Energy Storage, Inc.,San Diego | CA | ||
| 1425-5-FC-81-92121 / 1995 | |||||
| 30 | VARI-ROI™ Desalting Pilot Plant Testing and Evaluation | Science Applications International Corp., San Diego | CA | ||
| 1425-FC-81-20410 / 1995 | |||||
| 42 | Study of Wastewater Reclamation Using Backwashable Capillary UF and Encapsulated RO membrane Modules | Hydranautics,Oceanside | CA | $25,000 | |
| 1425-97-FC-81-30006B / ? | |||||
| 33 | VARI-RO™ Direct Drive Engine Study | Science Applications International Corp., | CA | $49,957 | $53,927 |
| 1425-97-FC-81-30006C / 1997 | |||||
| 34 | Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) for Water Repurification – Phase I | City of San Diego | CA | $49,949 | |
| 1425-97-FC-81-30006J / 1997 | |||||
| 27 | The Algal-Bacterial Selenium Removal System for Treatment of Irrigation Drainage Water: Demonstration Facility Interim Studies | University of California, Berkeley | CA | $25,000 | $57,967 |
| 1425-97-FC-81-3006D / 1997 | |||||
| 45 | New Design Feed Channel Spacer in Spiral Wound Elements for Pretreatment Cost Reduction | Desalination Systems, Inc., Escondido | CA | $44,840 | |
| 1425-97-FC-81-30006F /1997 | |||||
| 84 | New Ultrafiltration Capillary Membrane and Study of Fouling Parameters, Flux Restoration, and Pathogens Retention Using Membrane Sampling Device | Hydranautics Water Systems, Escondido | CA | $125,000 | $136,957 |
| FC-81-0060 / 1998 | |||||
| 66 | Initial Evaluation of the Subfloor Water Intake Structure System (SWISS) vs. Conventional Multimedia Pretreatment Techniques | Pacific Research Group, Ventura | CA | $122,300 | $125,445 |
| 98-FC-81-0044 / 1998 | |||||
| 61 | Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling and Its Prevention | Separations Systems Technology, Inc., San Diego | CA | $123,814 | $182,002 |
| 98-FC-81-0045 / 1998 | |||||
| 60 | Membrane Bioreactors for Water Reclamation-Phase II | City of San Diego | CA | $270,000 | $832,500 |
| 98-FC-81-0031 / 1998 | |||||
| 62 | VARI-ROTM Desalting Pilot Plant Advancement Project Testing and Evaluation | Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego | CA | $270,000 | $414,667 |
| 98-FC-81-0030 / 1998 | |||||
| 85 | Evaluation of Precipitative Fouling for Colorado River Water Desalination Using Reverse Osmosis | Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne | CA | $98,436 | $212,128 |
| 99-FC-81-0185 / 1999 | |||||
| 59 | Investigation of High Freezing Temperature, Zero Ozone, and Zero Global Warming Potential Clathrate Formers for Desalination | Thermal Energy Storage, Inc., San Diego | CA | $100,000 | $103,759 |
99-FC-81-0110 / 1999 |
|||||
| 97 | Comparison of Treatment Methods for Partial Desalting of Tertiary Effluents | City of San Jose | CA | $50,000 | $246,394 |
| ?? | |||||
| 103 | Optimization of Various Membrane Bioreactor Systems for Water Reclamation Phase III | City of San Diego | CA | $270,000 | $820,280 |
| 01-FC-81-0736 / ? | |||||
| 100 | Membrane Process Optimization Methodology | PerLorica, Inc., Grass Valley | CA | $25,000 | $75,000 |
| 02-FC-81-0833 | |||||
| 117 | Seawater Desalination Pilot-Plant to Advance the State-of-the-Art by Optimization of Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis | West Basin Municipal Water District, Carson | CA | $176,385 | $189,340 |
| 02-FC-81-0838 | |||||
| 118 | Evaluation of Various Pre-Treatment Methods for Seawater Membrane Desalination | City of San Diego, San Diego | CA | $250,000 | $350,000 |
| 02-FC-81-836 | |||||
| 119 | Reverse Osmosis Groundwater Recharge -Las Vegas Valley Membrane Pilot Study | Carollo Engineers,Santa Ana | CA | $228,768 | $228,768 |
| 02-FC-81-0837 | |||||
| 116 | Evaluation of Biological Treatment of Perchlorate Impaired Waters | Montgomery-Watson-Harza | CA | $100,000 | $306,825 |
| 03-FC-81-0921 | |||||
| 122 | Reducing the Costs of Impaired Water Desalination While Providing Water Resources Management: An Evaluation of Horizontal Collector Wells for Acquiring Surface Water with Subsequent NF/RO Treatment | Carollo Engineers | CA | $270,000 | $730,890 |
| 03-FC-81-0917 | |||||
| 126 | Molecular Basis of RO Membrane Biofouling | Stanford University,Stanford | CA | $100,000 | $43,970 |
| 04-FC-81-1045 | |||||
| 140 | Use of Dendrimers to Enhance Selective Separation by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes | Hydranautics Nitto Denko Corporation, Oceanside | CA | $72,200 | $72,200 |
| 05-FC-81-1176 | |||||
| 147 | Evaluation of Newly Developed MBR Systems for Water Reclamation | MWH Americas, Inc., Pasadena | CA | $99,960 | $458,224 |
| 05-FC-81-1157 | |||||
| 149 | Evaluation and Selection of Available Processes for a Zero-Liquid Discharge System for the Perris, California, Groundwater Basin | Eastern Municipal Water District, Perris | CA | $99,989 | $192,062 |
| 05-FC-81-1153 | |||||
| 150 | Seawater Desalination Pilot Project | Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles | CA | $150,000 | $2,271,000 |
| 05-FC-81-1158 | |||||
| 151 | Dana Point Ocean Desalination Project | Municipal Water District of Orange County, Fountain Valley | CA | $360,000 | $1,098,107 |
| 05-FC-81-1152 | |||||
| 152 | Dana Point Ocean Desalination Project | Municipal Water District of Orange County, Fountain Valley | CA | Part of 151 | Part of 151 |
| 05-FC-81-1152 - Part II | |||||
| 153 | Dana Point Ocean Desalination Project | Municipal Water District of Orange County, Fountain Valley | CA | Part of 151 | Part of 151 |
| 05-FC-81-1152 - Part III | |||||
| 18 | Novel Membrane Process with Rapid Backpulsing for Water Treatment | University of Colorado, Boulder | CO | ||
| 1425-5-CR-81-20250 / 1995 | |||||
| 14 | Brighton ED Testing with Asahi Monovalent Selective Membranes | D & N Engineering, Lakewood | CO | ||
| 1425-5-PG-81-08300 / 1995 | |||||
| 74 | Removal of Heavy Metals from Water with Microalgal Bioadsorbents I. Process Development | CLF Technologies, Inc., Denver | CO | ||
| 1425-5-CR-81-20290 / 1995 | |||||
| 28 | Microfiltration with Rapid Backpulsing and Surface-Modified Membranes | University of Colorado, Boulder | CO | $75,000 | $75,000 |
| 1425-96-FC-81-05017 /1996 | |||||
| 76 | Removal of Heavy Metals from Water with Microalgal Bioadsorbents II. Bench Scale Testing | CLF Technologies, Inc.,Denver | CO | $25,000 | $25,000 |
| 1425-96-FC-81-05027 / 1996 | |||||
| 58 | Membrane Modification by Photografting for Reduction of Adhesive Fouling | University of Colorado, Boulder | CO | $83,981 | $45,684 |
| 98-FC-81-0062 / 1998 | |||||
| 73 | Application of Electret Technology to Low Cost Desalination | University of Denver, Denver | CO | $99,447 | $23,800 |
| 98-FC-81-0050 / 1998 | |||||
| 69 | Membrane Concentrate Disposal: Practices and Regulation | Mickley & Associates, Boulder | CO | $97,268 | $103,700 |
| 98-FC-81-0054 / 1998 | |||||
| 102 | Predicting Membrane Flux Decline Using Parameters Derived from Field Flow Fractionation Measurements. | Colorado School of Mines, Golden | CO | $93,613 | $0 |
| 01-FC-81-0738 | |||||
| 106 | Membrane Pretreatment for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination | Aqua Resources International, Evergreen | CO | $265,000 | $283,177 |
| 01-FC-81-0735 | |||||
| 104 | Photovoltaic (PV) Reverse Osmosis Desalination System | ITN Energy Systems, Inc., Littleton | CO | $95,074 | $95,074 |
| 02-FC-81-0831 | |||||
| 123 | Membrane Concentrate Disposal: Practices and Regulations (Second Edition) | Mickley and Associates, Boulder | CO | $99,913 | $103,583 |
| 02-FC-81-0815 | |||||
| 115 | Plant-Scale Engineering Design of Membrane Processes from Bench-Scale Measurements | University of Colorado, Boulder | CO | $100,000 | $0 |
| 03-FC-81-0918 | |||||
| No number | Pilot Photovoltaic Reverse Osmosis Desalination System | ITN Energy Systems, Inc., Littleton | CO | $263,531 | $527,062 |
| (contract terminated by mutual agreement) | |||||
| 133 | Multi-Beneficial Use of Co-Produced Water through High-Pressure Membrane Treatment and Capacitative Deionization Technology | Colorado School of Mines, Golden | CO | $92,089 | $67,011 |
| 04-FC-81-1053 | |||||
| 155 | Treatment of Concentrate | Mickley and Associates, Boulder | CO | ||
| 04-FC-81-1050 | |||||
| 94 | Optimal Operational Conditions for Prevention of Membrane Colloidal and Organic Fouling | Yale University, New Haven | CT | $89,623 | $34,069 |
| 99-FC-81-0187 / 1999 | |||||
| 109 | Chemical Cleaning of Fouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes | Yale University, New Haven | CT | $89,000 | $28,258 |
| 03-FC-81-0908 | |||||
| 141 | Optimization of Chemical Cleaning of Organic-Fouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes | Yale University, New Haven | CT | $97,570 | $00,000 |
| 05-FC-81-1147 | |||||
| 48 | Treatment of Wastewaters for Water Reuse by a Catalytic Sonochemical Process | University of Delaware, | DE | $74,990 | $49,006 |
| 98-FC-81-0052 /1998 | |||||
| 88 | Treatment of Wastewater for Water Reuse by a Catalytic Sonochemical Process: Phase II | University of Delaware, | DE | $50,000 | $46,047 |
| 99-FC-81-0184 | |||||
| 130 | Modeling the Capital & Operating Costs of Thermal Processes | Moch & Associates, Inc., Wilmington | DE | $84,815 | $92,805 |
| 04-FC-81-1038 | |||||
| 110 | Impact of Magnetic Fields on Reverse Osmosis Separation | University of South Florida, Tampa | FL | $90,996 | $20,730 |
| 01-FC-81-0739 | |||||
| 113 | Evaluation of Desalination on Waters Under the Influence of Surface Water Runoff for Pretreatment, Water Quality, and Pathogen Removal Performance | Reiss Environmental, Winter Park | FL | $100,000 | $194,000 |
| 02-FC-81-0829 | |||||
| 137 | Pretreatment & Design Considerations for Large Scale Seawater Facilities | Reiss Environmental, Inc., Winter Park | FL | $150,000 | $330,453 |
| 04-FC-81-1059 | |||||
| 127 | Boron Rejection by Reverse Osmosis Membranes: National Reconnaissance | Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta | GE | $87,855 | $37,000 |
| 04-FC-81-1050 | |||||
| 128 | Wind-Powered RO Water Desalination for Pacific Islands & Remote Coastal Comm. | University of Hawaii, Manoa | HI | $86,212 | $36,411 |
| 04-FC-81-1062 | |||||
| 50 | Photocatalytic Process for Silver Recovery and Wash Water Reuse | Illinois Institute of Technology, | IL | $60,844 | $0 |
| 98-FC-81-0063 / 1998 | |||||
| 86 | Visualization of Colloidal Phenomena Near Membrane Surfaces | University of Illinois, | IL | $87,635 | $15,768 |
| 99-FC-81-0182 / 1999 | |||||
| 142 | Characterization of Membrane Foulants in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination | University of Illinois, Champaign | IL | $98,470 | $26,209 |
| 05-FC-81-1169 | |||||
| 145 | Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Wind Powered Desalination for a Community Scale Distributed Generation Application | University of Massachusetts, Amherst | MA | $99,914 | $00,000 |
| 05-FC-81-1175 | |||||
| 114 | Industry Consortium Analysis of Large Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration Element Diameters | Dow Chemical Company, | MN | $100,000 | $153,385 |
| 03-FC-81-0916 | |||||
| 105 | Reduction of Iron Fouling in Groundwater Aerators | University of Missouri, Columbia | MO | $25,000 | |
| 1425-97-FC-81-30006A / 1997 | |||||
| 79 | Design and Optimization of Biological Reactors for the Pretreatment of Reverse Osmosis Feed Water | Montana State University, Bozeman | MT | $64,923 | $69,010 |
| 98-FC-81-0010 /1998 | |||||
| 107 | An Expert System for Decision-Making in the Use of Desalination for Augmenting Water Supplies | University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | NC | $59,985 | $0 |
| 02-FC-81-0832 | |||||
| 162 | The Production and Characterization of Inexpensive Renewable Based material for Water Desalination and Heavy Metal Removal Applications | North Carolina State University | NC | $121,992 | $0 |
| 23 | Evaluation of the Natural Freeze-Thaw Process for the Desalination of Groundwater from the Dakota Aquifer to Provide Water for Grand Forks, North Dakota. | University of North Dakota and B.C. Technologies, Ltd. | ND | ||
| 1425-5-CR-81-20810 / 1995 | |||||
| 87 | Novel Membrane and Device for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation-Based Desalination Process | New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark | NJ | $49,998 | $10,869 |
| 99-FC-81-0180 / 1999 | |||||
| 96 | Novel Membrane and Device for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. Phase II | New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark | NJ | $90,185 | $11,958 |
| 01-FC-81-0737 | |||||
| 101 | Evaluation of Cleaning Spiral Wound Elements with the Two-Phase Flow Process | Novaflux Technologies, Inc., Princeton | NJ | $74,996 | $101,627 |
| 01-FC-81-0740 | |||||
| 99 | Novel Membrane and Device for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation-Based (DCMD) Desalination Process -Phase III | New Jersey Institute of Technology,Newark | NJ | $99,999 | $10,937 |
| 02-FC-81-0831 | |||||
| 121 | Pilot-Scale Testing of Membrane Desalination System Using Novel Two-Phase Cleaning Technology | Novaflux Technologies, Princeton | NJ | $268,635 | $295,004 |
| 03-FC-81-0922 | |||||
| 134 | Pilot-Scale Studies for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation | New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark | NJ | $150,000 | $39,996 |
| 04-FC-81-1037 | $119,815 | ||||
| 41 | Arsenic Removal from Water Using Manganese Greensand: Laboratory Scale Batch and Column Studies | New Mexico State University, Las Cruces | NM | $24,998 | $34,791 |
| 1425-96-FC-81-05016 / 1996 | |||||
| 47 | Improvements in Wastewater Treatment at the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel | New Mexico State University, Las Cruces | NM | $75,000 | $15,760 |
| 98-FC-81-0053 / 1998 | |||||
| 136 | Membrane Technology for the Recovery of Produced Water | Western Environmental Management, Carlsbad | NM | $150,000 | $236,926 |
| 04-FC-81-1060 | $84,999 | ||||
| 57 | Characterization of the Hydrophilicity of Polymeric Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes: Implications to Membrane Fouling | University of Nevada, Reno | NV | $79,983 | $34,973 |
| 98-FC-81-0057 / 1998 | |||||
| 82 | Hydrophilicity of Polymeric RO and NF Membranes: Implications to Membrane Fouling - Phase II | University of Nevada, Reno | NV | $48,676 | $0 |
| 99-FC-81-0183 /1999 | |||||
| 78 | Improving Thermodynamics and Economic Efficiencies of Desalination Plants: Minimum Work Required for Desalination and Case Studies of Four Working Plants | University of Nevada, Reno | NV | $39,944 | $60,771 |
| 99-FC-81-0183 | |||||
| 164 | Osmotically Assisted Desalination: A Low Energy Reverse Osmosis Hybrid Desalination System | University of Nevada, Reno | NV | $186,942 | $43,208 |
| 75 | Biological Stability of Drinking Water through Treatment Processes | City College of New York | NY | $25,000 | $70,025 |
| 1425-5-CR-81-20450 / 1995 | |||||
| 77 | Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Various Disinfectants on Attached Bacterial Growth in Drinking Water | City College of New York | NY | $25,000 | $90,025 |
| 1425-96-FC-81-05025 / 1996 | |||||
| 83 | Membrane Fouling: Influence of Natural Organic Matter Properties and Membrane Surface Treatment on Nanofiltration Performance | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy | NY | $122,081 | $0 |
| 98-FC-81-0061 /1998 | |||||
| 138 | Desalination Pretreatment Using Controlled-Chain PEGMA-Enhanced Cellulose Acetate Ultrafiltration Membranes | University of Toledo, Toledo | OH | $92,411 | $74,467 |
| 05-FC-81-1149 | |||||
| 161 | Static Mixing Spacers for Spiral Wound Desalination Modules | University of Toledo | OH | $93,454 | $61,873 |
| 9 | Development of an Advanced Transverse Flow Nanofiltration Membrane Process for High Performance Desalination | Zenon Environmental, Inc., Burlington, Ontario | ON | ||
| 1425-4-CR-81-19870 / 1994 | |||||
| 37 | Development of an Advanced Transverse Flow Nanofiltration Membrane Process for High Performance Desalination Phase II | Zenon Environmental, Inc., Burlington, Ontario | ON | $59,989 | $25,700 |
| 1425-5-FC-81-20590 / 1995 | |||||
| 98 | Systems Development for Environmental Impact Assessment of Concentrate Disposal | Portland State University, Portland | OR | $74,646 | $0 |
| 01-FC-81-0785 | |||||
| 132 | Systems Development for Environmental Impact Assessment | Portland State University, Portland | OR | $99,020 | $0 |
| 04-FC-81-1061 | |||||
| 40 | Molecular Sieving Hollow Fiber Ceramic Membranes for Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration (RO/NF) Applications | M&P Technology, Inc., Pittsburgh | PA | ||
| 1425-5-FC-81-20870 / 1995 | |||||
| 111 | Zero-Discharge Seawater Desalination: Integrating the Production of Fresh Water, Salt, Magnesium, and Bromine | University of South Carolina, Columbia | SC | $100,000 | $0 |
| 02-FC-81-0834 | |||||
| 135 | Pilot Testing of Zero-Discharge Seawater Desalination | University of South Carolina, Columbia | SC | $150,000 | $0 |
| 04-FC-81-1036 | $120,000 | ||||
| 6 | Preliminary Research Study of a Water Desalination System for the East Montana Area Subdivisions of El Paso County, El Paso, Texas | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | ||
| 1425-3-CR-81-19500 / 1993 | |||||
| 32 | Brackish Water Treatment and Concentrate Disposal for the Homestead Colonia El Paso, Texas | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $268,392 | |
| 1425-5-FC-81-20700 / 1995 | |||||
| 39 | Wastewater Recovery from a Textile Bleach and Dye Operation, Bench Scale Evaluation | Rice University, Houston | TX | ||
| 5-FC-60-06690 / 1995 | |||||
| 26 | Wastewater Reclamation Pilot Study | City of McAllen | TX | ||
| 1425-96-FC-81-05012 / 1996 | |||||
| 46 | Salinity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Removal Using Nanofiltration | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $44,840 | |
| 1425-97-FC-81-30006E / 1997 | |||||
| 81 | Solar and Waste Heat Desalination by Membrane Distillation | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $124,873 | $14,627 |
| 98-FC-81-0048 / 1998 | |||||
| 80 | Thermal Desalination Using MEMS and Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond Technology | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $124,989 | $14,627 |
| 98-FC-81-0047 / 1998 | |||||
| 51 | Demonstration Testing of Zenogem and Reverse Osmosis for Indirect Potable Reuse | City of McAllen | TX | $40,000 | $310,800 |
| 98-FC-81-0073 /1998 | |||||
| 89 | Zero Discharge Waste Brine Management for Desalination Plants | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $49,500 | $28,692 |
| 99-FC-81-0181 | |||||
| 108 | Development of a Brine Concentration Process Using Membrane Technology for High-Silica Brackish Water | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $100,000 | $35,682 |
| 02-FC-81-0835 | |||||
| 112 | Using Oil Fields for the Disposal of Concentrate from Desalination Plants | Texas Water Development Board | TX | $87,616 | $94,937 |
| 03-FC-81-0919 | |||||
| 129 | Novel Fouling-Resistant Membranes for Water Purification | University of Texas, | TX | $92,387 | $12,171 |
| 04-FC-81-0952 | Austin | ||||
| 125 | Cost-Effective Volume Reduction of Silica-Saturated RO Concentrates | El Paso Water Utilities, | TX | $96,919 | $392,026 |
| 04-FC-81-1051 | El Paso | ||||
| 139 | Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: An Innovative Combination to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems | University of Houston, Houston | TX | $99,881 | $47,900 |
| 05-FC-81-1172 | |||||
| 143 | Reduced Membrane Fouling Potential by Tailored Fluid/Structure Interaction | Heat Transfer Research Inc., College Station | TX | $10,000 | $30,000 |
| 05-FC-81-1155 | |||||
| 146 | Wind Power and Water Desalination Technology Integration | Texas Tech University, Lubbock | TX | $99,970 | $00,000 |
| 05-FC-81-1173 | |||||
| 159 | High-Volume Water Recovery from Silica-Saturated RO Concentrate using a Batch-Treatment Seawater RO System | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $149,999 | $174,263 |
| 163 | Aluminum Electrocoagulation and Electroflotation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: Fouling Reduction and Improvements in Filtered Water Quality | University of Houston | TX | $150,000 | $46,000 |
| 165 | Zero Discharge Desalination Testing at BGNDRF | University of Texas, El Paso | TX | $499,993 | $335,463 |
| 53 | Understanding Nitrate Pollution in Small and Native American Communities | Utah State University, Logan | UT | ||
| 1425-97-FG-81-35024 | |||||
| 131 | Riverton City Desalination of Highly Mineralized Groundwater | Riverton City Water Department, Riverton | UT | $46,877 | $46,877 |
| 04-FC-81-1063 | |||||
| 160 | Zwitterion-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Desalination Applications | Virginia Polytech | VA | $147,650 | $23,354 |
| 144 | Barriers to Thermal Desalination in the United States | Water Consultants International, Mequon | WI | $35,038 | $38,112 |
| 05-FC-81-1154 | |||||
| 71 | Demonstration of the Natural Freeze-Thaw Process for the Desalination of Water from the Devils Lake Chain to Provide Water for the City of Devils Lake | B.C. Technologies Inc., Laramie | WY | $304,000 | $645,000 |
| 98-FG-81-0065 / 1998 |